ABSTRACT
New applications of evanescent imaging for microlithography are introduced.The use of evanescent wave lithography (EWL) has been employed for 26nm resolution at 1.85NA using a 193nm ArF excimer laser wavelength to record images in a photoresist with a refractive index of 1.71.Additionally, a photomask enhancement effect is described using evanescent wave assist features (EWAF) to take advantage of the coupling of the evanescent energy bound at the substrate-absorber surface, enhancing the transmission of a mask opening through coupled interference.
INTRODUCTION
The pursuit of optical lithography at sub-wavelength dimensions leads to limitations imposed by classical rules of diffraction. Previously, we reported on the use of near-field propagation in the evanescent field through a solid immersion lens gap for lithography at numerical apertures approaching the refractive index of 193nm ArF photoresist. 1
Other groups have also described achievements with various configurations of a solid immersion lens for photolithography within the refractive index limitations imposed by the image recording media, a general requirement for the frustration of the evanescent field for propagation and detection.2-4 We have extended the resolution of projection lithography beyond the refractive index constraints of the recording media by direct imaging of the evanescent field into a photoresist layer with a refractive index substantially lower than the numerical aperture of the imaging system.
In addition to the potential enabled through the detection of the evanescent field at the image plane, coupling of the surface bound evanescent field at the photomask object plane can lead to a near field enhancement of the far field image.We also report on these two phenomena and their applications here.
需要翻译的部分不长,要人工翻译,软件的就不用了