科技方面的英语文献翻译
Power Reduction Techniques For Microprocessor Systems
Power consumption is a major factor that limits the performance of computers. We survey the “state of the art” in techniques that reduce the total power consumed by a microprocessor system over time. These techniques are applied at various levels ranging from circuits to architectures, architectures to system software, and system software to applications. They also include holistic approaches that will become more important over the next decade. We conclude that power management is a multifaceted discipline that is continually expanding with new techniques being developed at every level. These techniques may eventually allow computers to break through the “power wall” and achieve unprecedented levels of performance, versatility, and reliability. Yet it remains too early to tell which techniques will ultimately solve the power problem.
Computer scientists have always tried to improve the performance of computers. But although today’s computers are much faster and far more versatile than their predecessors, they also consume a lot of power; so much power, in fact, that their power densities and concomitant heat generation are rapidly approaching levels comparable to nuclear reactors. These high power densities impair chip reliability and life expectancy, increase cooling costs, and, for large data centers, even raise environmental concerns.
能耗是一个重要的因素，限制了性能的计算机。我们调查了“国家艺术”的技术，降低总能耗的微处理器系统随着时间的推移。这些技术的应用在各个层次，从电路架构，架构，系统软件和系统软件，应用软件。它们还包括整体解决办法，将变得更为重要，在未来十年。我们得出这样的结论：电源管理是一个多方面的纪律，不断扩大的新技术正在开发在各个级别。这些技术最终可能使计算机冲破“权力墙” ，实现前所未有的性能，多功能性和可靠性。但它仍为时过早该技术将最终解决电力问题。
计算机科学家一直试图提高计算机的性能。不过，虽然今天的电脑速度更快和更灵活比他们的前辈，他们还消耗大量电能;这么多权力，实际上，他们的功率密度和随之产生的热量，正在迅速接近的水平，以核反应堆。这些高功率密度的影响芯片的可靠性和预期寿命，增加冷却成本，以及大型数据中心，甚至提高环境的关注。
