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Question

就不同时期的主要学习动机而言。黄冈师范学院外国语学校的施宝林老师认为：随着大学生英语知识经验的不断增长，他们学习的动机也在不断发展变化，主要表现在学习的近景动机向远景目标的初步发展。大一和大二学生的学习动机一般以近景动机为主，他们主要把考试取得好成绩，英语过四级作为自己学习的动力。随着对现实认识的提高，他们不再把学习活动简单的和英语过四级等目标相联系了。这时，他们开始把学习活动和社会意义联系起来，也就是远景动机的萌芽开始出现了。研究表明，大学生的远景学习动机才能成为鼓舞他们努力学习的真正动力。例如，大学生希望能在四年大学生活后考研继续提高自己或者在外企找一份高薪工作，它们都清楚的意识到这两者对于英语都是极高的要求。

就学习目的的主要学习动机而言。湖北大学外国语学院的周利萍，商舞老师在对《大学新生英语学习动机调查及激发策略探讨》中，也认为在正式教学环境中，融入型的学习动机比工具型的学习动机更有利于学习者习得第二语言。但是学习者对目的语社会的文化并没有太大的兴趣，或者很少有机会与目的语社会的人直接交流，学习者主要在工具型动机的影响下学习外语。

施宝林老师是根据时间顺序，对大学不同时间阶段的学习动机进行研究，但在时间的推移过程中，大学生的学习目的多少也产生了相应的变化，其中的分析过于概括，缺乏对环境和实际情况的分析同理，并不是所有学生一开始都已通过四级考试为目的的，而且对于学习环境的分析也很欠缺，就师资和生源水平条件来看，很多情况下即使学生本身希望大学四年后考研或进入外企，但这个远景动机对于英语学习本身来看，也起不到很大的作用，这个研究默认的条件太多，不具有普遍性。不同的是，周利萍老师和商舞老师的研究就从学习英语的目的出发，分析了不同环境条件下的不同动机对英语学习的影响，这就是研究的方法更科学，更具有适用性了，但这样的研究同时缺乏科学的数字说明和细致的环境分类，虽然大体上给两类动机选择了适合的情景，但过于强调环境对学习者学习动机的影响，缺乏学习者心里情况和背景的研究，过于宏观，也具有一定的片面性。

Answer 1

Different periods of main motivation to learn. Huanggang normal university school of foreign languages ShiBaoLin teacher thinks: with the college students' English knowledge and experience of growing, their learning motivation is in constant changes, which is mainly embodied in the learning motives to close the preliminary development vision. Freshmen and sophomores in the learning motives commonly, their main motivation to close the exam to get good grades, the English have 4 class as their learning motivation. Along with the increase of reality, they don't know the English learning activities of simple and had four objectives such as the associated. Then they began to study activity and social significance, also is the vision of the bud motives. Research shows that the students can be encouraged learning motivation, vision, they study hard real power. For example, students can hope in four year university life continues to improve yourself or after one's deceased father grind in foreign companies find a well-paid job, they are clearly aware of both for English is extremely high requirements.

The main purpose is learning motivation to learn. Hubei university of ZhouLiPing, the dance teacher to the freshmen in English learning motivation of investigation and stimulate strategy, also think in formal teaching environment, type of motivation in learning motivation to learn than tool more advantageous to learners of second language acquisition. But the learners of the target language culture and not too big, or have little opportunity and social people to communicate directly instrumental motivation mainly on learners' learning under the influence of foreign language.

According to the time sequence ShiBaoLin teacher is different, the university time period, but the research on learning motivation in the passage of time, the process of learning objective many students also produced the corresponding change, which is summarized, analyzed on environment and the actual situation of the analysis of empathy, and not all students have a start by band 4 examination for the purpose of learning environment, but also for the analysis is lack of teachers and students, horizontal conditions, in many cases even after four years of college students to grind or enter, but this vision of foreign motivation for learning English itself and greatly, this research, not too much default condition is universal. Different is, ZhouLiPing teacher and dance teacher research from the purpose of learning English, this paper analyzes the different environmental conditions of different motivation for learning English, this is the study of the effects of the method is more scientific, more applicability, but this research also shows a lack of scientific and meticulous, although in the environment for classification of two kinds of choices for the motivation, but put too much emphasis on environmental influence on learners' learning motivation, lack of learners' hearts and background research, too, have certain macro one-sided.

Answer 2

翻译结果如下
Different periods in terms of the main motivation. East China Institute of Foreign Languages School of Shi Baolin teacher said: As college students experience a growing knowledge of English, their motivation to learn is also evolving, mainly close-ups of motivation in learning the initial development of the vision. Freshman and sophomore students motivation to learn the main motivation generally close-range, mainly to get good exam results, English Guo Siji as their motivation. With the increased awareness of reality, they are no longer simple, and English learning activities such as goals Guo Siji contacted. At this time,
They began learning activities and social significance of the link, which is the seed of motivation vision began to emerge. Research shows that students can be encouraged by the vision of their motivation to learn the real power. For example, four-year university students hope to continue to improve their life or after the Kaoyan find a high-paying jobs in foreign companies, they are clearly aware both of the requirements for English are very high.
The main purpose of the study in terms of motivation. Hubei University of Foreign Studies College Zhou Liping, commercial dance teacher on the "Freshman English Learning Motivation and stimulate Strategy", also that the formal teaching environment, into the type of learning motivation than instrumental motivation to learn more conducive to learning the acquisition of a second language. However, the community of learners to the target language culture and did not much interest in, or very few have the opportunity and the target language community, Ren direct communication, learners Zhuyao Tools Xing Xuexiwaiyu under the influence of motivation.
Shi Baolin teachers is based on chronological order, of the University of motivation at different time stages of research, but in the course of time, the number of students learning objectives also had a corresponding change, in which the analysis is too broad and lack of environmental and practical analysis of the situation the same token, not all students have passed the beginning of a four examination purpose, but also for the analysis of the learning environment is also lack the level of teacher and students source factors as, in many cases, even by students in their hope that the University 4 years Kaoyan or enter the foreign, but the vision of motivation for learning English itself, but there is no difference,
The default condition of too much, not universal. The difference is that Zhou Liping dance teachers and teachers of business from the purpose of learning English, analyzes the different under different environmental conditions impact on English learning motivation, which is more scientific methods of research, more applicable, but This study also shows a lack of scientific figures and detailed environmental categories, although in general to choose two types of motivation for the scene, but too much emphasis on the environment's impact on learner motivation, lack of learner mind the circumstances and context of, too macro, it has a certain one-sidedness.

Answer 3

报告楼主，没看见分

Answer 4

悬赏分都没有 哭