第2个回答 2010-06-08
二次大战时,美国军方委托著名的心理学家桂尔福研发一套心理测试,来挑选飞行员。结果很惨,通过这套测试的飞行员,训练时成绩表现都很优秀。可是一上战场,就被击落,死亡率非常高。
桂尔福在检讨问题时,发现那些身经百战打不死的飞行员,多半是由退役的“老鸟”挑选出来的。他非常纳闷,为什么专业精密的心理测试,却比不上“老鸟”的直觉呢?其问题出在哪儿?
桂尔福向一个“老鸟”请教,“老鸟”说:“不如你和我一起挑几个小伙子看看?”
第一个年轻人推门进来,“小伙子。如果德国人发现你的飞机,高射炮打上来,你怎么办?”“老鸟”发出第一个问题。
“把飞机飞到更高的高度。”“你怎么知道的?”“作战手册上写的,这是标准答案啊,对不?”第一个菜鸟走出去后,进来第二个菜鸟。“老鸟”问了同样的问题,“呃,找片云堆,躲进去。”
“如果没有云呢?”
“向下俯冲,跟他们拼了!”
“作战手册你都没看?”
“作战手册我看了。但太厚,有些记不清。”
等菜鸟走出门,“老鸟”转过身来问桂尔福:“教授,如果是你决定,你要挑哪一个?”
“嗯,我想听听你的意见。”
“我会把第一个刷掉,挑第二个。”“老鸟”说。
“为什么?”
“没错,第一个答的是标准答案,但是,我们知道标准答案,德国人不知道吗?所以德军一定故意在低的地方打一波,引诱你把飞机拉高,然后真正的火网就在高处等着你。这样你不死,谁死?”
“第二个家伙,虽然有点搞笑,但是,越是不按牌理出牌的小子,他的随机应变能力反而越好。”
桂尔福经此教训,重新改造他的测试。新的测试就会问“如果你有一块砖头,请说出50种不同的用途”等此类激发创意的问题。桂尔福不仅为美国选出真正优秀的飞行员,也因此创造了“创意测试
World War II, the U.S. military commissioned the well-known research psychologist Gui golfo a psychological test to the selection of pilots. The results of a shame that this set of test pilots, training is very good performance. However, on a battlefield, it was shot down, the mortality rate is very high.
Gui golfo issues in the review, it was found that those who die fighting veteran pilots, mostly from retired selected. He was very puzzled why the professional precision of psychological tests, but not as good it intuition? Where the problem is?
Fu Gui to a " ask, said: "not as good as you and I picked a few boys together to see?"
The first young man pushed open the door in, "young man. If you found the German aircraft, anti-aircraft up to fight, how do you do?" " issued the first question.
"The aircraft flew to a higher height." "How do you know?" "Write operations manual, which is the standard answer ah, right not?" The first rookie to come out after the second coming rookie. asked the same question, "uh, looking for cloud-chip stack, to hide."
"If there are no clouds then?"
"Dive down, a fight with them!"
"Operations manual did not see you?"
"I read the manual operations. But thick, and some do not remember."
Such as rookie out of the door, Gui turned golfo asked: "Professor, if it is your decision, you have to pick which one?"
"Ah, I would like to hear your opinion."
"I will be the first, the second pick." said.
"Why?"
"Yes, the first answer that the standard answer, but we know the standard answer, the German people do not know? Therefore, the German must deliberately place in the low wave hit, the plane pulled to lure you, and then the real Burner waiting for you in the height. so that you never die, no one died? "
"The second guy, though a bit funny, but morethe Kid, and his ability to adapt it better."
Fu-Gui after this lesson, re-transformation of his test. The new test will ask, "If you have a piece of brick, would you please point out the use of 50 different" and so the issue of such stimulates creativity. Gui golfo selected not only for the United States really good pilot, has also created a "creative test